Logical Model for GroundWaterML version 2.0 containing the core elements required for groundwater data. Other GWML2 application schema import this schema. OGC WaterML 2.2 Part 4 - GroundWaterML 2 is an OGC Standard. Copyright (c) 2016 Open Geospatial Consortium. To obtain additional rights of use, visit http://www.opengeospatial.org/legal/ . A large hydrogeologically defined body of ground typically consisting of hydraulically connected hydrogeological units, whose waters are flowing to a common or multiple outlets, and which is delimited by a groundwater divide. Line on a water table or piezometric surface on either side of which the groundwater flow diverges. IGH0556. Relates hydrogeologic units and the basins that contain them, in full or part. Denotes aquifer-related hydrogeologic units: aquifer systems, aquifers, or confining beds. Relates an aquifer system to an aquifer unit The GW_ManagementArea class defines properties associated with areas identified for management purposes. These can be delineated by human factors such as policy or regulation concerns, as well as domain (in this case hydrogeologic or hydrologic) concerns. The management area does not necessarily align exactly with the associated hydrogeologic feature boundaries. A placeholder (stub) to associated legislative and reference documentation is provided, as a description of the properties of the associated classes is considered out of scope for GroundWaterML2. The INSPIRE Generic Conceptual Model 'Legislation References' and 'DocumentCitation' classes, created also to cover EU Directives reporting, provides possible candidates for these end association classes. The GW_ManagementArea class identifies properties associated with managing a human defined area over real world features, in this case groundwater related features. As such, this class could provide a pattern for a more generic OGC 'trans-domain' feature management class." This class is equivalent to Inspire AM:ManagementRestrictionOrRegulationZone. Description of the organisation(s) responsible for managing, restricting or regulating measures or activities within the management area. Time period defining when the management area was legally designated or became effective in the real world. Additional classification value which further specialises the gwAreaType. Classification of the environment domain(s) for which, through the establishment of the management area, certain environmental objectives shall be reached. A management area may be established within one environmental domain (e.g. water) or may to cover a wide range of environmental objectives that cross-cut several domains. (owl:sameAs environmentalDomain in INSPIRE AM v3.0). Geometric shape and position of management area. High level classification defining the type of management area (e.g. restricted use zone, irrigation area, consumption area, etc.) (owl:sameAs zoneType in INSPIRE AM v3.0). Other features that are associated with the management area (watershed, ecological zones, etc) that are not hydrogeologicUnits. Relates a management area to the fluid bodies contained within the area. As with units, the spatial boundaries of management areas do not necessarily coincide with the spatial boundaries of fluid bodies. Water budget associated with the management area. Yield associated with the management area. Relates a management area part to a management area whole. Relates a hydrogeologic unit to a groundwater management area It serves as the base class to unambiguously associate legislative and reference documentation to the management area. Legislative documentation refers to the legal instrument or document that required the establishment of the management area. Reference documentation might describe the environmental objectives and measures that shall be undertaken in the management area to protect the environment (reference to a management or action plan). Description of the properties of the associated documents is considered out of scope for GroundWaterML2. The INSPIRE Generic Conceptual Model 'Legislation References' classes, created also to cover EU Directives reporting, provides possible candidates for these end association classes. Voids represent the spaces inside (hosted by) a unit or its material. E.g. the pores in an aquifer, or in the sandstone of an aquifer. Voids are hosted by a container (e.g. an aquifer), and can contain water bodies. Voids are differentiated from 'porosity' in that porosity is the proportion of void volume to total volume (i.e. container + voids), while voids are the spaces themselves. Their delineation as a distinct entity is necessary, for example, to capture the volume of fractures in an aquifer. The material that hosts the void, if specified. Note voids can be hosted by a unit (an aquifer) or its material (e.g. sandstone). Metadata for the void. Shape and position of the void. Type of void e.g. fractured, intergranular, etc. Volume of the void. Relates to a fluid body found in a hydrogeologic void Relates to the hydrogeologic unit hosting the void Relates which voids are parts of a whole void. Relates a void part to a whole void. A distinct body of some fluid (liquid, gas) that fills the voids of a container such as an aquifer, system of aquifers, water well, etc; in hydrogeology this body is usually constituted from groundwater, but the model allows for other types of fillers e.g. petroleum. Flows associated with the fluid body. Metadata about the fluid body. Properties that characterize the groundwater body. Observations of properties, e.g. age, temperature, density, viscosity, turbidity, color, hardness, acidity, etc. are OM_Observations Categorical assessment of fluid quality: e.g. saline, brackish, fresh, turbide, sulfurous, mixed, ... 1000-3000mg/l tds, etc. A normative quality description is an assesment based upon some guideline edited by a government or a quality standard Shape and position of the groundwater body. Description of the volume/quantity of water present in a container at a certain time. The susceptibility of the fluid body to specific threats such as surface contamination, etc. Relates to the hydrogeologic unit containing the fluid body. Relates a fluid body to a void. Relates which body are parts of a whole body. Relates a fluid body to a surface hosted by the body. Relates a fluid body to typical background constituent values for that body. Relates a fluid body to its chemical, biologic, or material constituents, and specifies the nature of the mixture of the constituent within the body, e.g. solution, suspension. Relates a body part to a whole body. A surface on a body of groundwater, for a local or regional area, e.g. piezometric, potentiometric, water table, salt wedge, etc. Date, time, method, etc., of the observation of the surface. Geometry and position of the surface. Type of groundwater body surface, e.g. piezometric, potentiometric, water table, salt wedge, etc. Relates to a groundwater divide linked to the fluid body surface. Relates to the fluid body bounded by the surface. Any soil or rock unit or zone which by virtue of its hydraulic properties has a distinct influence on the storage or movement of groundwater (after ANS, 1980). Additional properties of an hydrogeologic unit not included in the model. Type of material or, by proximity, type of voids (e.g. granular, fracture, karstic, or mixed). Sum of water input and output of a hydrogeologic unit, at a particular point in time, with a description of inflows and outflows. Volumetric flow rate of water that enters an hydrogeologic unit, at potentially multiple locations. Volumetric flow rate of water that goes out of an hydrogeologic unit, at potentially multiple locations. The susceptibility of the aquifer to specific threats such as various physical events (earthquakes), human processes (depletion), etc. Relates to the fluid body contained by the hydrogeologic unit. Relates hydrogeologic units with a void hosted by the units. Relates to the management area(s) linked to a hydrogeologic unit. A body of ground that contains, potentially contains or potentially contained sufficient saturated permeable material to yield significant quantities of water to wells and springs (after Lohman and others, 1972). Water in an Aquifer is, or is not, under pressure. Based on that, several aquifer types can be distinguished: unconfined, confined, artesian, subartesian, or aquitard (after INSPIRE 2013). Denotes whether groundwater from the hydrogeologic unit is being exploited by wells or other intakes (after INSPIRE 2013). Denotes whether the unit is primary in the aquifer system (after INSPIRE 2013). Relates confining bed to an aquifer Line on a water table or piezometric surface on either side of which the groundwater flow diverges. IGH0556 Shape and position of the divide (line, plane or point)... intersecting a groundwater surface. Relates to a surface linked to a groundwater divide Flow path from recharge to discharge location, through hydrogeologic units, and related to a groundwater body. It is a collection or aggregation of specific flows. The path of flow of a fluid through a container. Relates the parts of a flow system to the whole flow system Relates a flow system part to a flow system whole. Relates a flow system to the individual flows that comprise the system. Flows are atomic entities that cannot have parts, but which form parts of flow systems. Aquifer system - A body of permeable and poorly permeable material that functions regionally as a water-yielding unit; it comprises two or more permeable beds separated at least locally by confining beds that impede groundwater movement but do not greatly affect the regional hydraulic continuity of the system; includes both saturated and unsaturated parts of permeable material (after ASCE, 1985). True if this aquifer system is a layered system (after INSPIRE 2013). Relates to the parts of an aquifer system. A layer of rock having very low porosity and in consequence hydraulic conductivity that hampers the movement of water into and out of an aquifer (Heath 1983) Degree of spatial confinement (typically: "Unconfined-Confined", "Partially Confined"). Degree of hydraulic confinement (e.g. aquiclude). Relates aquifers to a confining bed A measured or calculated physical or hydraulic property that can be inherent in either an aquifer or its material, and some fluid body, e.g. hydraulic conductivity, transmissivity, storativity, permeability, porosity. Refers to intrinsic permeability: a measure of a material's ability to allow fluid flow that is independent of fluid properties, and based on connectivity of pores and size of their openings. Not hydraulic conductivity. Porosity or void fraction is a measure of the void (i.e. "empty") spaces in a material, and is a fraction of the volume of voids over the total volume (i.e. material plus voids)" (after Wikipedia) Types of porosity include: specific, effective, etc. Voids are differentiated from 'porosity' in that porosity is the proportion of void volume to total volume (i.e. container + voids), while voids are the spaces themselves. Measure of the proportion of volume occupied by a void over the the total volume of material, plus voids (e.g. the material of an aquifer, plus its pores). Relates to the hydrogeologic unit hosting the void Relates hydrogeologic units with a void hosted by the units The nature of the inclusion of the constituent in the fluid body, e.g. suspension, emulsion, etc. E.g. solution, suspension, emulsion, precipitate Relates a fluid body to its chemical, biologic, or material constituents, and specifies the nature of the mixture of the constituent within the body, e.g. solution, suspension. The manner in which a constituent is within a fluid body, e.g. solution, suspension, emulsion, precipitate, colloidal. The manner in which a constituent is within a fluid body, e.g. solution, suspension, emulsion, precipitate, colloidal. A measured or calculated physical or hydraulic property that can be inherent in either an aquifer or its material, and some fluid body, e.g. hydraulic conductivity, transmissivity, storativity, permeability, porosity. Hydraulic conductivity measures how easily a fluid can move through the voids in a material. Storativity is the volume of water released from storage per unit decline in hydraulic head in the aquifer, per unit area of the aquifer. (gwml1) he rate of groundwater flow laterally through an aquifer, determined by hydraulic conductivity and container thickness. Yield is the rate of fluid withdrawal associated with a unit, well, etc. Expressed as m3. There are several types of yield that can be considered: specific yield, sustainable yield, safe yield, aquifer yield, etc. Relates to the fluid body contained by the hydrogeologic unit. Relates to the hydrogeologic unit containing the fluid body.